1成果简介

微波吸收材料在军事隐身和电磁防护领域具有广泛应用。生物质衍生多孔碳因成本低、来源丰富可再生、结构可调控及轻质等特点,备受研究关注。然而,在现有研究中实现低填充量、宽频带和强吸收的协同组合仍然是一项重大挑战。本文,中国航发北京航空材料研究院Cheng Yang研究员等在《Journal of Materials Chemistry C》期刊发表名为"Hierarchically porous carbon derived from waste watermelon rind for enhanced microwave absorption"的论文,研究以废弃西瓜皮为前驱体、碳酸钾为活化剂,制备了杂原子自掺杂分级多孔碳材料(WRP),系统研究了不同热解温度对WRP样品微观结构和微波吸收性能的影响。 实验结果表明,在600 °C下制备的WRP-600样品表现出优异的微波吸收性能:最小反射损耗(RL_min)达−60.08 dB,有效吸收带宽(EAB,RL < −10 dB)达7.82 GHz,且填充量仅为8 wt%。理论分析揭示,WRP-600样品微观结构的优化改善了其阻抗匹配特性。其出色的微波吸收性能归因于多种损耗机制的协同效应,包括以偶极子极化为主导、界面极化为补充的极化损耗,以及传导损耗、多重散射/反射和干涉损耗。此外,通过三层阻抗梯度结构设计,最优理论计算显示在总厚度6.0 mm下EAB可达12.66 GHz。随后制备平板试样进行验证,实验结果与理论值高度吻合。该研究为利用废弃生物质制备轻质高性能微波吸收材料以及通过阻抗梯度构型设计宽带吸收结构提供了重要参考。 2图文导读

图1、 Schematic illustration of the main preparation process of WRP.

图2、(a) TG, (b) DSC, and (c) DTG curves of WR, K2CO3 and the WR/K2CO3 composite. (d) Percentage yields of WR-Test, WR-Actual, and WRP-Actual.

图3、(a) FTIR spectra, (b) XRD patterns, and (c) Raman spectra. (d) XPS survey spectra, (e) atomic percentage, (f) C 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum, (g) relative contents of C bonding configurations, (h) N 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum, and (i) relative contents of N bonding configurations. (j) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, (k) pore size distribution curves, and (l) tap density.

图4、 SEM images of (a) WR-600, (b) WRP-500, (c) WRP-600, (d) WRP-700, and (e) WRP-800. WRP-600 sample: (f) TEM image, (g) HRTEM image, (h) SAED pattern, and (i–m) EDS mapping images.

图5、Three-dimensional RL plots, two-dimensional RL contour maps, and frequency-dependent RL curves of the WRP samples: (a)–(c) WRP-500, (d)–(f) WRP-600, (g)–(i) WRP-700, and (j)–(l) WRP-800.

图6、Frequency-dependent curves: (a) real part of permittivity (ε′), (b) imaginary part of permittivity (ε″), and (c) dielectric loss tangent (tan δε). (d) Resistivity (ρ) of the WRP powders under different test pressures, and (e) ρ of the WRP/paraffin composites. (f) Frequency dependence of conduction loss , (g) frequency dependence of polarization loss , (h) average and , and (i) frequency dependence of the contribution ratio . Cole–Cole plots of (j) WRP-600, (k) WRP-700, and (l) WRP-800.

图7、Schematic illustration of the microwave loss mechanisms of the WRP-600 sample.

图8、(a) Schematic of the three-layer impedance-graded structure model. (b) RL curves corresponding to the configurations achieving the EABmax, and (c) RL curves corresponding to the configurations achieving the RLmin within each of the four major groups. (d) Comparison between the theoretical and experimental values for the configuration achieving the EABmax. 3小结 综上所述,本研究以废弃西瓜皮为前驱体,通过K₂CO₃活化成功制备了杂原子自掺杂分级多孔碳材料(WRP),系统揭示了热解温度对微观结构和微波吸收性能的影响规律。在600 °C下制备的WRP-600样品实现了RL_min达−60.08 dB、EAB达7.82 GHz的优异性能,填充量仅为8 wt%,综合性能优于大多数已报道的生物质碳基微波吸收材料。其卓越性能源于微观结构优化带来的阻抗匹配改善,以及偶极子极化、界面极化、传导损耗、多重散射/反射和干涉损耗的协同增强效应。此外,三层阻抗梯度结构设计将理论EAB进一步拓展至12.66 GHz(6.0 mm厚),平板验证实验与理论预测高度一致。该研究为废弃生物质的高值化利用和轻质宽带微波吸收材料的结构设计提供了新思路,在军事隐身和电磁防护领域具有重要应用前景。 文献:

|