1成果简介 

        滤波超级电容器（FSCs）凭借其卓越的功率特性和快速充放电能力，已成为替代传统铝电解电容器的理想候选方案，为电子设备的微型化和集成化提供了关键解决方案。然而，电极材料充放电速率与电荷存储容量之间的固有权衡制约了其进一步发展。本文，山东大学张光磊 教授 团队在《Appl Surf Sci》期刊发表名为“High-performance filter supercapacitors utilizing graphene aerogel composite thin-film electrodes”的论文，研究提出创新性复合电极设计策略，通过温和热化学还原法成功构建出具有高电子导电性的三维氧化石墨烯气凝胶薄膜骨架。其表面保留的含氧官能团显著提升离子电荷传输速率，最终实现电子导电性与离子导电性的协同优化。

        同时，表面负载的高电化学活性CuxO纳米颗粒协同提升了该集成复合电极的电容密度。基于此电极的电容耦合滤波器在120Hz高频下展现出卓越的频率响应特性：相位角达−80.04°，面电容高达3.24mF/cm²。本研究不仅显著拓展了FSC在频率响应与电容密度平衡方面的性能边界，更为下一代微型化FSC的电极结构设计提供了创新性理论指导与技术解决方案。

        2图文导读

        图1. (a) Schematic diagram of the structure and equivalent circuit of SC. (b) Magnetization of the material. (c) Typical Nyquist plots revealing the influence mechanism of parasitic inductance of the material on frequency response (ZIm (vertical axis) increases downward from negative values to 0). (d) Comparison of simulated electric field modulus distribution for materials of different sizes (the integrated electric field modulus values are summed and normalized in the figure). (e) Preparation flowchart of CTFE. (f) Schematic diagram of the structure of CTFE (the inset shows a schematic of CTFE surface morphology).

        图2. Component analysis of CTFE. (a) XRD patterns. (b) FTIR spectra. (c–f) XPS spectra. (g) SEM images and (h–i) EDS mapping images of key elements.

        图3. CTFE-based SCs. (a) Bode plots. (b) Nyquist plots. (c) CA vs. frequency plots. (d) CA′ and CA′′ vs. frequency plots. (e) CA′/CA and dissipation factor curves. (f) CV vs. frequency plots. (g) CV curves. (h–i) Cycling stability and GCD curves at 10 mA cm−2. (j) Comparison of electrochemical performance with other reported results (Legend: The black, orange, and blue symbols correspond to FSCs based on carbon electrodes, carbon/pseudocapacitive composite electrodes, and pseudocapacitive electrodes,

        图4. Practical filtering performance of the FSC series-connected module. (a) Schematic diagram of the AC-line filtering circuit. (b) Bode plots. (c) Nyquist plots. (d) CA vs frequency plots. (e) CV curves. (f) GCD curves at 10 mA cm−2. (g) Cvol vs U curves. (h) Voltage waveforms before and after voltage conversion. (i) Voltage waveforms before and after rectification. (j–m) Voltage waveforms before and after filtering: (j) sine wave; (k) square wave; (l) step wave; (m) triangular wave.

        3小结 

        本研究提出基于CTFE的高性能电容流体电容器，在120Hz频率下实现接近理想的相位角（−80.04°）和卓越的面积电容（3.24 mF cm⁻²），同时展现出优异的循环稳定性——在10mA cm⁻²电流密度下经20,000次循环后仍保持96.1%的电容保持率。其卓越性能源于创新电极架构设计策略：采用三维氧化石墨烯薄膜作为导电支架，其三维多孔网络内外表面均均匀修饰有含氧官能团及高活性CuxO纳米颗粒。这种独特的结构具有开放的3D互连结构和表面功能化特性，能够实现快速的电子/离子传输，同时降低电阻。均匀分布的CuxO纳米颗粒与3D rGO网络之间的协同作用显著提高了比电容和电化学稳定性。值得注意的是，该通用设计原理可推广至其他二维材料（如碳化物、氮化物及金属氧化物），为开发新一代高性能燃料电池超级电容器开辟了新路径。

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