1成果简介
　　开发具有吸收主导特性的轻质高性能电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽材料，对于减轻二次辐射污染、保护人类健康和电子系统至关重要。本文，陕西科技大学吕斌 教授、高党鸽 教授、马建中教授等在《Carbon》期刊发表名为“Silkworm-Cocoon-Inspired Sandwich-structured Hollow Carbon Nanofiber Films with Absorption-dominated Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Tailored Thermal Management”的论文，研究受蚕茧分层保护结构启发，以废旧皮革边料为碳源，通过静电纺丝与高温碳化工艺制备出多尺度夹层结构中空碳纳米纤维（H-ZCM）薄膜：以中空碳纳米纤维包覆的Co/ZnO作为顶层与底层，中间层则采用中空碳纳米纤维包覆的TiC。该多尺度结构设计协同优化了阻抗匹配，有效降低反射并增强屏蔽性能。
　　H-ZCM在X波段展现出卓越的高吸收率（A>0.5）与高屏蔽性能（58 dB），可有效屏蔽99.999%的电磁波。值得注意的是，H-ZCM具备卓越的热管理能力，包括红外隐身性能、太阳能加热性能（97 °C under 1 sun intensity）及焦耳加热性能（79 °C under 5 V)），可在极端冷热环境中维持人体稳定性。这种仿生设计为开发先进吸收型电磁干扰屏蔽材料提供了有效策略，不仅具有个人防护领域的应用潜力，同时促进了废弃皮革边角料的可持续利用。
　　2图文导读 

　　图1.受蚕茧结构启发的吸收主导EMI屏蔽材料设计。

　　图2.夹层结构中空碳纳米纤维薄膜制备工艺示意图。

　　图3. (a) TEM images and (b) XRD patterns of ZnCo-MOF; (c) TEM images and (d) XRD patterns of MXene; (e) SEM images and (f) TEM images of ZnOCo@C nanofiber; (g) SEM images and (h) TEM images of TiC@C nanofiber; (i) SEM images and (i1-i4) EDS images of sandwich-structured hollow carbon nanofiber films; (j-m) XPS spectra.

　　图4. (a) SET, (b) Reflection coefficient of different structure in X band; (c) Average SET and R of different structure; (d) SET, (e) Average SET, SER and SEA and (f) Average coefficients of H-ZCMx; (g) SET, (h) Average SET, SER and SEA , (i) Average coefficients, (j) SER /SET and SEA/ SET (k) gs of H-ZCM100 with different thickness; (l) recent work comparison.

　　图5. (a) Tesla coil experiment; (b) Simulation electric field distribution of H-ZCM100; (c) Schematic illustration of EMI shielding mechanism of sandwich-structured hollow carbon nanofiber films; (d-f) the comparison of shielding performance in different environments.

　　图6. IR stealth performance: (a) detection diagram; (b-e) thermal IR images of the films with different thickness on the heating platform with different temperature; (f) the surface temperature at different temperature; (g) thermal IR images at 80 °C; (h) temperature difference between the surface of composite films and the hot sources; (i) mechanism diagram of IR stealth.

　　图7. Solar heating performance: (a) detection diagram; (b) UV-vis-NIR absorption and reflection spectra; (c) solar heating performance in different solar density; (d) experimental data and linear fitting of the temperature vs solar density; (e)solar heating cycle stability under 1 sun; (f) EMI SE after solar heating; (g) The continuous stability of solar heating.

　　图8. Joule heating performance: (a) detection diagram; (b) the surface temperature of the films under different voltage; (c) experimental data and linear fitting of the temperature vs U2; (d) tailored surface temperatures of the films; (e) joule heating cycle stability; (f) EMI SE after joule heating; (g) The continuous stability of joule heating.
　　3小结
　　综上所述，通过同轴电纺丝与高温碳化工艺，成功制备了受蚕茧启发的多尺度夹层结构中空碳纳米纤维薄膜，其兼具优异的吸收性能与屏蔽效能。宏观尺度分级结构与微观尺度中空结构的结合，通过多重极化效应提升了阻抗匹配能力并降低反射系数。该薄膜吸收系数达0.51，屏蔽效率达58 dB。此外，该薄膜展现出卓越的热管理特性，包括红外隐身性能、太阳加热性能（1太阳密度下达97℃）及焦耳加热性能（5伏电压下达79℃）。这些特性使夹层结构中空碳纳米纤维薄膜在复杂环境中的应用潜力超越传统电磁干扰屏蔽材料。
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